Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.
ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.
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Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Related Products (2760)
Related Products (2760)
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Antibodies (8)
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ETM-305
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-177966CAS No.: 250159-76-3ETM-305 is a degradation product of the anticancer agent ET-743 (HY-50936). ET-743 (Ecteinascidin 743; Trabectedin) is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid that binds to the minor groove of DNA, blocks the transcription of stress-induced proteins, induces DNA backbone cleavage and cancer cell apoptosis, and increases ROS production in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 cells. Trabectedin is used in the research of soft tissue sarcoma and ovarian cancer.
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Tolcapone 3-β-D-glucuronide
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-126194CAS No.: 204853-33-8Synonyms: Ro 61-1448Tolcapone 3-β-D-glucuronide (Ro 61-1448) is an O-methyl metabolite of Tolcapone (HY-17406) and is pharmacologically inactive. Tolcapone (Ro 40-7592) is a selective, potent and orally active COMT inhibitor with an IC50of 773 nM. Tolcapone can inhibits α-syn and Aβ42 oligomerization and fibrillogenesis. Tolcapone can cause oxidative stress and induce cancer cells apoptosis and ROS production. Tolcapone can be used for the researches of cancer and neurological disease, such as Parkinson disease and neuroblastoma.
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Acibenzolar-S-methyl (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-116541RCAS No.: 135158-54-2Synonyms: ASM (Standard)Acibenzolar-S-methyl (Standard) (ASM (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Acibenzolar-S-methyl (HY-116541). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) is a synthetic analog of Salicylic acid (HY-B0167) and a plant activator. Acibenzolar‑S‑methyl induces increased activities of defense-related enzymes such as peroxidase and chitinase, activates stomatal defense responses and PR defense gene expression, induces the production of ROS, triggers local and systemic acquired resistance, and inhibits the proliferation of bacterial and fungal pathogens in plants. Acibenzolar‑S‑methyl can be used in studies related to plant infection.
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Zinc Protoporphyrin (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-101193RCAS No.: 15442-64-5Synonyms: Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX (Standard); ZnPP (Standard); Zinc Protoporphyrin-9 (Standard)Zinc Protoporphyrin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Zinc Protoporphyrin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Zinc Protoporphyrin (Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX) is an orally active and competitive heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor and markedly attenuates the protective effects of Phloroglucinol (PG) against H2O2. Zinc Protoporphyrin is used as a screening marker of iron deficiency in individual pregnant women and children, but also to assess population iron status in combination with haemoglobin concentration. Zinc Protoporphyrin has anti-cancer activity.
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Guaiazulene (Standard)
0 ImagesGuaiazulene (Standard) is the analytical standard of Guaiazulene (HY-N6951). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Guaiazulene is a bicyclic sesquiterpene that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Guaiazulene exhibits various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, and anti-tumor properties. Guaiazulene is also commonly used as a colorant in cosmetics. Guaiazulene shows in vitro cytotoxicity to rat neuronal cells and N2a neuroblastoma cells at high concentrations.
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Alisol B 23-acetate (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: 23-Acetylalismol B (Standard); 23-O-Acetylalisol B (Standard); Alisol B monoacetate (Standard)Alisol B 23-acetate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Alisol B 23-acetate (HY-N0805). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Alisol B 23-acetate is an orally active prototerpane-type triterpenoid. Alisol B 23-acetate can be isolated from Alisma orientalis. Alisol B 23-acetate induces Apoptosis, promotes ROS generation, downregulates CDK4/6, MMP-2/9, upregulates cleaved PARP, activates FXR and inhibits Syk. Alisol B 23-acetate has anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. Alisol B 23-acetate protects the kidney from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Alisol B 23-acetate has anticancer activity against ovarian cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, and gastric cancer. Alisol B 23-acetate can be used in the study of atherosclerosis and allergic asthma.
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Clerodin
0 ImagesClerodin (3-Deoxycaryoptinol) is a natural diterpenoid compound that can be isolated from traditional Chinese medicinal plants such as Clerodendrum infortunatum. Clerodin exhibits caspase-3 regulation, apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, ROS induction and glutathione depletion effects, along with anti-cancer and antifeedant activities. It shows selective cytotoxicity against leukemia cells and breast cancer cells, but has no obvious toxicity to normal human blood cells and lymphocytes. Clerodin also reduces the feeding behavior of Helicoverpa armigera larvae on cabbage leaf discs, but has no significant contact toxicity to these larvae. Clerodin can be used in research related to acute monocytic leukemia and human breast cancer.
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Rubiadin (Standard)
0 ImagesRubiadin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rubiadin (HY-N0444). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rubiadin is an orally active free radical scavenger that inhibits the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Rubiadin inhibits osteoclast formation, bone resorption, lipid peroxidation, HBV DNA replication and cancer cell proliferation; reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine levels; induces cancer cell apoptosis; and possesses antifungal, antimalarial, antibacterial and anticonvulsant activities. Rubiadin can be used in the research of osteoporosis, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury, Alzheimer's disease, breast cancer, iron overload disorders, hepatitis B virus infection, colon cancer, liver cancer, T-lymphocytic leukemia, cervical cancer, diabetic nephropathy, epileptic seizures, fungal infections, malaria and bacterial infections.
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Cyanidin arabinoside
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-130668CAS No.: 792868-19-0Cyanidin arabinoside is an antioxidant agent, that exhibits a Trolox (HY-101445) equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of 1.286.
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Landiolol hydrochloride (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-100607ARCAS No.: 144481-98-1Synonyms: ONO1101 hydrochloride (Standard)Landiolol (ONO1101) hydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Landiolol hydrochloride (HY-100607A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Landiolol (ONO1101) hydrochloride is a highly selective, ultra-short-acting competitive inhibitor of β1 adrenergic receptors. Landiolol hydrochloride specifically blocks cardiac β1 receptors, reducing heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption. Landiolol hydrochloride inhibits TNF-α-induced excessive mitochondrial oxygen consumption and reactive oxygen species production in a sepsis model, alleviating renal injury. Landiolol hydrochloride has little effect on cardiac ion channels (such as L-type calcium current and inward rectifier potassium current) and has a weak negative inotropic effect. Landiolol hydrochloride can be used for perioperative tachycardia control and protection studies of sepsis-related acute kidney injury.
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Lercanidipine hydrochloride (Standard)
0 ImagesLercanidipine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lercanidipine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lercanidipine is a third-generation, lipophilic, brain-penetrant, vascular-selective and orally active dihydropyridine-calcium channel blocker with a pIC50 of 7.74 (converts from μM). Lercanidipine has long lasting antihypertensive action as well as reno- and neuro-protective effect. Lercanidipine also shows anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Lercanidipine can be used in cardiovascular and neurological research.
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Amisulbrom
0 ImagesAmisulbrom is a sulfonamide fungicide used to control oomycete diseases. Amisulbrom inhibits the cytochrome-bc1 complex of the mitochondrial electron transport system.
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Anti-MRSA agent 39
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-178912Anti-MRSA agent 39 is an orally active ClpX modulator that binds Staphylococcus aureus caseinolytic protease X (SaClpX) with high affinity (Kd = 3.6 μM). Anti-MRSA agent 39 exerts antibacterial effects through temperature-dependent inhibition of cell division. Anti-MRSA agent 39 elicits profound metabolic dysregulation in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), manifesting as significantly reduced ATP levels, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreased NAD+/NADH ratio, and accelerates bacterial lysis rates in MRSA ATCC 33591. Anti-MRSA agent 39 significantly increases the proportion of MRSA cells in the mitotic phase, and the cells exhibit obvious morphological abnormalities. Anti-MRSA agent 39 can be used for the study of invasive MRSA infections.
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Antiparasitic agent-27
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-175364CAS No.: 3048504-54-4Antiparasitic agent-27 (Compound 2) is a potent antiparasitic agent targeting Leishmania infantum (IC50=3.1 μM). Antiparasitic agent-27 induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation to trigger programmed cell death. Antiparasitic agent-27 is promising for research of visceral leishmaniasis (VL).
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Gliquidone sodium
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-B1114ACAS No.: 62783-47-5Synonyms: AR-DF 26 sodiumGliquidone sodium (AR-DF 26 sodium) can bind to the pancreatic β-cells and increases insulin release to regulate blood glucose levels. Gliquidone sodium significantly decreases LPS (HY-D1056)-induced proinflammatory responses and inhibits ERK/STAT3/NF-κB phosphorylation in BV2 microglial cells. Gliquidone sodium can suppress microgliosis, microglial hypertrophy mediated by LPS, and proinflammatory cytokine COX-2 and IL-6 levels in murine model. Gliquidone sodium also exhibits good anticancer activity in lung carcinoma cells. Gliquidone sodium has antioxidant property. Gliquidone sodium can be studied in research for type 2 diabetes and cancers.
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Antibacterial agent 237
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-162818Antibacterial agent 237 (compound Ru-8) is a bacteriostatic agent for Staphylococcus aureus, with MIC of 0.78-1.56 μg/mL. Antibacterial agent 237 destroys bacterial cell membranes, changes their permeability, and induces bacteria to produce Reactive Oxygen Species, leading to bacterial death without causing drug resistance. Antibacterial agent 237 has low hemolytic toxicity to rabbit red blood cells and Raw 264.7 cells, and has significant antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus in mouse skin wound infection models and Bacillus major larvae infection models.
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Jervine hydriodide
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N0836ACAS No.: 60326-37-6Synonyms: 11-Ketocyclopamine hydriodideJervine hydriodide (11-Ketocyclopamine hydriodide) is an orally active steroidal alkaloid and Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor. Jervine hydriodide can be isolated from Veratrum californicum. Jervine hydriodide regulates Wnt, inhibits the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and activates the AMPK signaling pathway. Jervine hydriodide induces DNA damage, Apoptosis, Autophagy, ROS production and Mitochondrial damage. Jervine hydriodide exhibits anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Jervine hydriodide reduces tumor growth rate and weight in xenograft models. Jervine hydriodide can be used in studies related to triple-negative breast cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer.
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Molephantin
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N12531CAS No.: 50656-66-1Molephantin is a blood-brain barrier permeable anti-glioblastoma compound. Molephantin induces ROS generation, leading to mitochondrial damage, Mitophagy flux blockage and Apoptosis induction. Molephantin can suppress the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Molephantin demonstrates antitumor effects against glioblastoma.
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Prebetanin
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N15382CAS No.: 13798-16-8Synonyms: Betanin 6'-O-sulphatePrebetanin (Betanin 6'-O-sulphate) is a pigment with antioxidant activities. Prebetanin can be isolated from beetroot.
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Buprofezin (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-B0831RCAS No.: 69327-76-0Buprofezin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Buprofezin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Buprofezin is a broad-spectrum insecticide and chitin synthesis inhibitor that targets developmental stage coleopteran pests.Buprofezin promotes the conversion of energy metabolism from the aerobic tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis. Buprofezin also promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase.
